{"title":"Newest Products","description":null,"products":[{"product_id":"thomas-aquinas-summa-theologica-1496","title":"Thomas Aquinas Summa Theologica 1496 Incunable","description":"\u003cheader class=\"bibliographical-description\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAquinas, Thomas (c. 1225-1274)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003ePrima [et secunda] secundae partis Summa Theologiae\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e[Nuremberg: Anton Koberger, 1496]\u003cbr\u003eFolio.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/header\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"book-description\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA handsome copy of the complete\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eSecunda Pars\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eof Saint Thomas Aquinas’ monumental\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eSumma Theologiae\u003c\/em\u003e, comprising both the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003ePrima Secundae\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eSecunda Secundae\u003c\/em\u003e, fully rubricated and preserved complete in contemporary bindings. The volumes are further distinguished by the survival of extensive unidentified medieval and early printed binder’s waste, including manuscript fragments in German, Hebrew, and Latin from several late medieval parent manuscripts, together with an early printed leaf employed as pastedowns that appear to derive from the 1476 Milan edition of Paulus Venetus’\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eExpositio librorum naturalium Aristotelis\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(ISTC ip00211000), a somewhat unexpected survival in an evidently German binding which suggests the early circulation of Italian scholastic books within the German book trade. The Hebrew manuscript waste may speak to the recycling, and often, the targeted destruction or confiscation, of Jewish libraries in late medieval Southern Germany.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eISTC records 187 extant institutional holdings. However, complete survivals of the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eSecunda Pars\u003c\/em\u003e, preserving both the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003ePrima Secundae\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eSecunda Secundae\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003etogether in contemporary bindings, are considerably less common than the overall census of institutional holdings might suggest, many recorded copies consisting of only one of the two constituent parts. Polish collections record 14 examples held, at least 3 of which include the complete\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eSecunda Pars\u003c\/em\u003e. The copy at the Biblioteka Jagiellońska is similar to the present example in consisting of just the complete\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eSecunda Pars\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(per GW copy census records). Owing to its immense size, the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eSumma\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecirculated primarily in individual parts, allowing students, clergy, and scholars to acquire and consult those sections most relevant to their needs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe present copy contains the entirety of the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eSecunda Pars\u003c\/em\u003e, generally regarded as the heart of Aquinas’ moral theology. The\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003ePrima Secundae\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eaddresses the ultimate end of human life, happiness, virtue, vice, law, and grace, and includes Aquinas’ celebrated treatment of natural law, one of the most influential texts in the history of Western ethical and political thought. The\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eSecunda Secundae\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eprovides a systematic examination of the individual virtues and vices, including faith, hope, charity, prudence, justice, fortitude, and temperance, and became one of the most frequently consulted sections of the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eSumma\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eamong medieval and early modern theologians, confessors, and preachers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrinted by Anton Koberger, the most important printer and publisher in fifteenth-century Germany, this edition belongs to the mature period of one of Europe's largest and most influential printing enterprises. Koberger’s editions of scholastic and theological texts played a central role in the dissemination of late medieval learning throughout the Holy Roman Empire and beyond.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e","brand":"Julia Woodward Antykwariat","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55036639281493,"sku":"27TAWP","price":25000.0,"currency_code":"PLN","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1081\/7922\/6965\/files\/DSC00826_23.jpg?v=1790108403"},{"product_id":"mozart-magic-flute-1794","title":"Mozart’s Magic Flute: A Fine Early Copy from the First Years of its Reception, c. 1794–5","description":"\u003cp\u003eMozart, Wolfgang Amadeus (1756–1791).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003eDie Zauberflöte. Clavier-Auszug von Carl Zulehner No. 178\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan\u003e[Mainz: B. Schott, 1794 or 1795]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan\u003eQuarto.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis early piano-vocal reduction, published only three or four years after his death, is an important witness to the early domestic reception of \u003cem\u003eDie Zauberflöte\u003c\/em\u003e. It was issued by Schott in Mainz within the first decade of the opera’s reception. Prepared by Carl Zulehner (1770–1841), this piano-vocal reduction condensed Mozart’s orchestral score into a form suitable for private performance by singers and keyboard. Such \u003cem\u003eClavier-Auszüge\u003c\/em\u003e were central to the early dissemination of opera in late eighteenth-century Europe, allowing works first heard in the theatre to circulate through salons, music rooms, and domestic performance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePremiered in Vienna in 1791, \u003cem\u003eDie Zauberflöte\u003c\/em\u003e quickly became one of the defining works of German-language opera, combining popular theatre, Enlightenment symbolism, Masonic imagery, and fairy-tale drama. The present reduction preserves the principal vocal numbers, overture, and finale, and represents the opera in the practical form through which it was first encountered by many contemporary musicians and listeners.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike the abundant nineteenth-century vocal scores issued by later publishers, early reductions of this period were working musical books and were often heavily used. Complete copies in attractive contemporary condition are therefore increasingly uncommon. The present example, preserved in its contemporary binding with the original title label left unused, is a fine survival from the formative years of Mozart reception.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDespite its importance, \u003cstrong\u003eno copies are recorded in Poland\u003c\/strong\u003e (cf. RISM).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Julia Woodward Antykwariat","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55081574072661,"sku":null,"price":6000.0,"currency_code":"PLN","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1081\/7922\/6965\/files\/P6241108.jpg?v=1790108034"},{"product_id":"coffeehouse-broadside-1725","title":"Who Could Sell Coffee? A Frankfurt Coffeehouse Broadside, 1725","description":"\u003cp\u003eMunicipal Broadside Edict concerning the Licensed Sale of Coffee, Tea, Chocolate, and Rosolio. Frankfurt am Main, 9 August 1725.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA rare and evocative survival from the formative age of Europe's coffeehouse culture, this municipal broadside records the efforts of the Imperial Free City of Frankfurt to regulate the sale of the newly fashionable stimulants and luxury beverages that were transforming social life across the continent.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIssued in the name of the \u003cem\u003eBürgermeistere und Rath\u003c\/em\u003e of Frankfurt, the ordinance arose from complaints lodged by the city's licensed \u003cem\u003eCaffee-Schencken\u003c\/em\u003e, coffeehouse keepers who had purchased from the municipal authorities the exclusive right to maintain public coffee establishments. According to their petition, a growing number of traders had begun to infringe these privileges by serving coffee and other fashionable refreshments outside the authorised coffeehouses.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe edict therefore intervenes directly in the commercial life of the city, naming among the offenders innkeepers, tavern proprietors, confectioners, perfumers, brewers, cooks, and caterers, all of whom were accused of selling prohibited beverages to the public.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParticularly remarkable is the range of commodities explicitly listed. Alongside \u003cem\u003eCaffè \u003c\/em\u003eappear \u003cem\u003eThé \u003c\/em\u003e(tea), Chocolate, and \u003cem\u003eRossoli \u003c\/em\u003e(rosolio), the sweet Italian cordial then popular throughout Europe. The document thus preserves a vivid snapshot of the international consumer revolution of the early eighteenth century, when products imported from Asia, the Americas, and the Mediterranean were reshaping patterns of sociability, commerce, and taste.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe broadside is equally revealing as a document of urban administration. The petitioners emphasise that they alone had paid a substantial sum into the city treasury for the right to maintain public coffeehouses, and the council responds by forbidding all unauthorised sale of these beverages. What emerges is a striking example of the highly regulated commercial environment of the Holy Roman Empire, where municipal governments actively controlled the distribution of goods and defended licensed trades against competition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEphemeral by nature and intended for public display, such broadsides were seldom preserved. Their survival offers an unusually direct glimpse into the everyday realities of eighteenth-century urban life: the rise of coffeehouse culture, the spread of global commodities, and the mechanisms by which civic authorities sought to govern an increasingly interconnected world.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Julia Woodward Antykwariat","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55081706848597,"sku":null,"price":3650.0,"currency_code":"PLN","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1081\/7922\/6965\/files\/Bazaart_70C56741-333F-4F9E-9D4B-557A7CF50CD3-Copy.png?v=1790108941"},{"product_id":"a-polish-illuminated-choirbook-leaf-by-blazej-derey-poznan-1632","title":"A Polish Illuminated Choirbook Leaf by Błażej Derey, Poznań, 1632","description":"\u003cp\u003eDerey, Błażej OP (c.1587–1666).\u003cbr\u003eIlluminated \u003cem\u003eKyriale\u003c\/em\u003e, single leaf on vellum.\u003cbr\u003ePoznań, Dominican convent, 1632.\u003cbr\u003eLarge folio.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA monumental survival from an extraordinary Polish Dominican \u003cem\u003eKyriale \u003c\/em\u003eof 1632, here attributed to Błażej Derey, probably the most distinctive manuscript artist of seventeenth-century Poland. The parent manuscript has previously been recognised as a \u003cem\u003eKyriale \u003c\/em\u003emade for the Dominican convent at Poznań in 1632 (cf. Bloomsbury Auctions, London, 6 July 2022, lot 59), but the now-dispersed manuscript has apparently never previously been recognised as a work of Derey.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe attribution proposed here rests upon a close conjunction of date, Dominican provenance and, above all, decorative vocabulary and has been independently supported by an expert.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDerey’s surviving manuscripts have received considerable scholarly attention. Zbigniew Mikołejko characterises his work by its subdued or “broken” palette, particularly yellows; gilded and silvered grounds; a repertoire of zoomorphic ornament which specifically includes dolphins; and, most characteristically, elaborate one-, two-, three- and four-strand interlace. All are strongly represented in the present leaf.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParticularly close comparison may be made with Derey’s Dominican liturgical manuscripts preserved in Kraków, where closely related knotwork, colouring, ornamental lettering and zoomorphic forms recur.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe chronology is equally compelling. Derey was producing major Dominican choirbooks during precisely this period: the surviving corpus includes the \u003cem\u003eSupplementum\u003c\/em\u003e of 1630 (MS 12 L), \u003cem\u003eGraduale de tempore\u003c\/em\u003e of 1632 (MS 9 L), \u003cem\u003eGraduale de sanctis\u003c\/em\u003e of 1633 (MS 11 L), and \u003cem\u003eGraduale de tempore\u003c\/em\u003e of 1635 (MS 10 L). Those manuscripts are themselves substantial folios, generally approximately 26–28 × 38–40 cm. At 41 × 60 cm, however, the present Poznań Kyriale was conceived on an altogether more monumental scale and would appear to be the largest manuscript presently attributable to Derey by a considerable margin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIts historical setting is equally exceptional. The \u003cem\u003eKyriale \u003c\/em\u003ewas produced for the Poznań Dominicans apparently under the direction of their prior, Jacek (Hyacinth) Choryński, whose name reportedly appeared on its original frontispiece together with that of the Polish Dominican Provincial, Jerzy Trebnic.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe year 1632 marked the culmination of an important programme of artistic and devotional patronage at the Poznań convent. Under Choryński the house commissioned Tomasso Dolabella’s monumental Battle of Lepanto, now at Wawel Castle, for the Rosary Chapel. Its principal financial patron was Stanisław Przyjemski, Grand Marshal of the Crown. Aleksander Stankiewicz has argued that, while Przyjemski probably supplied the money, the learned Choryński may himself have devised the painting’s intellectual and iconographic programme; he even proposes that the Dominican friar depicted holding a book and candle may represent Choryński.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe appearance of Choryński’s name on the \u003cem\u003eKyriale’s \u003c\/em\u003efrontispiece therefore has particular significance. Created for the same convent, in the same year, and on a similarly exceptional scale, the manuscript may plausibly have formed part of the wider programme of liturgical and artistic renewal over which he presided. It is even possible that Przyjemski, whose patronage financed the Dolabella commission, contributed towards the costly production of the Gradual, although no documentary evidence for his involvement has yet been identified.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeveral leaves from the parent codex are known. Its surviving frontispiece reportedly carried a lengthy Latin inscription dating the manuscript, identifying its chant as following the Dominican edition of Seraphinus Siccus of 1620, naming Trebnic and Choryński, and recording the Poznań convent as its destination.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe parent manuscript had already been dispersed by 1966; leaves passed through the dealer Bruce Ferrini in the 1990s, while another leaf formerly in the collection of Cornelius J. Hauck, significantly trimmed, dated a century too early, and with a German catalogue entry pasted to the verso, was sold at Christie’s New York in 2006, then realising 2,280 USD.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA spectacular fragment of an apparently lost monumental choirbook from one of the great periods of artistic patronage at the Poznań Dominican convent, and, on the evidence presented here, an important addition to the known oeuvre of Błażej Derey.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e","brand":"Julia Woodward Antykwariat","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55081938551125,"sku":null,"price":15000.0,"currency_code":"PLN","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1081\/7922\/6965\/files\/DSC0082623_1.jpg?v=1790109816"},{"product_id":"john-speed-s-map-of-poland-1626","title":"John Speed’s Map of Poland, 1626: First Issue with Views of Kraków, Gdańsk \u0026 Poznań","description":"\u003cp\u003eSpeed, John (1552–1629).\u003cbr\u003eA Newe Mape of Poland\u003cbr\u003eLondon: George Humble, 1626\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe first issue of John Speed’s Map of Poland, one of the most decorative and desirable early maps of the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth, here an especially fine example with vivid contemporary hand-colouring in excellent condition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublished during the height of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Speed’s map gave an English audience one of the most memorable seventeenth-century representations of Poland. It is surrounded by six finely engraved views of Kraków, Gdańsk, Poznań, Krosno, Sandomierz and Wrocław, together with eight figures illustrating Polish, Silesian and Gdańsk dress, the arms of Poland and Silesia, and a small portrait of King Sigismund III Vasa. Institutional catalogues consistently describe it as among the most decorative and soughtafter maps of Poland.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFinely framed behind museum glass with very low reflection, it presents superbly and is particularly well suited to display.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Julia Woodward Antykwariat","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55082106880341,"sku":null,"price":25000.0,"currency_code":"PLN","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1081\/7922\/6965\/files\/IMG_3635.jpg?v=1790110259"},{"product_id":"a-rare-complete-set-of-andreas-brunners-history-of-bavaria-1626-1637","title":"A Rare Complete Set of Andreas Brunner's History of Bavaria, 1626-1637","description":"\u003cp\u003eBrunner, Andreas (1589–1650).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003eAnnalium virtutis et fortunae Boiorum\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003cbr\u003eMünchen: Truckerey Hertsroy, 1626–1637.\u003cbr\u003eOctavo.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFirst edition of Andreas Brunner's principal historical work, commissioned by Elector Maximilian I of Bavaria. Published in three parts between 1626 and 1637, the work traces Bavarian history from its legendary origins to the reign of Emperor Louis IV (\"Louis the Bavarian\"), ending in the early fourteenth century.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCompiled during the Counter-Reformation and the Thirty Years' War, the annals combine extensive genealogical research on the House of Wittelsbach with a distinctly Catholic interpretation of Bavarian history, presenting the fortunes of Bavaria as evidence of divine favour and princely virtue.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePraised for its scholarly diligence, critical judgement, and unusual striving for objectivity (NDB II, 681), the work is regarded as Brunner's masterpiece and remains an important source for early Bavarian historiography.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eComplete sets are of considerable rarity. While the USTC records 33 surviving copies of Part I, 12 of Part II, and 14 of Part III, only 10 complete sets are recorded. Of these, nine are preserved in German institutions and one in the United States.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo copies of either the individual volumes or the complete work are recorded in Poland\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Julia Woodward Antykwariat","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55082195845461,"sku":null,"price":3000.0,"currency_code":"PLN","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1081\/7922\/6965\/files\/DSC0082624.jpg?v=1790110379"},{"product_id":"a-1580-dioscorides-herbal","title":"A 1580 Dioscorides Herbal Used by a Seventeenth-Century Parisian Apothecary","description":"\u003cp dir=\"auto\" class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eDioscorides, Pedanius (c. 40–90); Mathée, Martin.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003eLes Six Livres de Ped. Dioscoride Anazarbeen, de la Matiere Medicinale.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLyon: Loys Cloquemin, 1580.\u003cbr\u003eQuarto.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA witness to the practical use of early modern scientific literature. This complete herbal in contemporary calf is illustrated throughout with numerous woodcuts of plants and animals, including a porcupine and seahorse.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe work presents the text of Dioscorides, an ancient Greek herbalist and pharmacologist, “the father of pharmacognosy”. Far from being preserved merely as a classical authority, this copy shows that Dioscorides remained central to European \u003cem\u003emateria medica\u003c\/em\u003e throughout the medieval and early modern periods.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis copy bears the 1650 ownership inscription of Philippe Bridou, who describes himself as “aspiring to the noble dignity and science of pharmacy.” Written seventy years after publication, the inscription identifies this volume as a working book in the professional training of a Parisian apothecary, whose apprenticeship under the maître apothicaire François Sanson is documented in contemporary archival records.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis copy bears light signs of use which are consistent with sustained consultation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVery rare\u003c\/strong\u003e. The USTC records just six copies held institutionally worldwide, five in France and one in the United Kingdom. No other copies are known in Poland.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Julia Woodward Antykwariat","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55082219209045,"sku":null,"price":7150.0,"currency_code":"PLN","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1081\/7922\/6965\/files\/IMG_2259.jpg?v=1790111365"},{"product_id":"biblia-sacra-1541","title":"A 1541 Catholic Bible with Protestant Marginalia","description":"\u003cp\u003ePagnino, Santes (1470–1541).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003eBiblia Sacra\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003cbr\u003eCologne: Melchior Novesianus, 1541.\u003cbr\u003eFolio.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis influential edition of the Bible contains the textual recension of Santes Pagnino, the Dominican friar and Hebraist who was “the first to divide the biblical text into numbered verses” (Museum of the Bible).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHis version had an important influence on later vernacular translations of the Bible, including the early English versions, but especially the 1563 \u003cem\u003eBiblia Brzeska\u003c\/em\u003e and the earliest Polish Bibles, which Rajmund Pietkiewicz’s research suggests repeatedly follow Pagnino’s recension. This version is therefore one of the principal intermediary texts behind the first Protestant Bible in Polish.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eModern scholarship on Jan Kochanowski has also identified the dependence of the \u003cem\u003ePsałterz Dawidów\u003c\/em\u003e on Pagnino. The present book can therefore also be considered a textual precursor to one of the greatest works of Renaissance Polish literature. The textual dependence continued through to the 1632 Biblia Gdańska and beyond.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis copy bears several early manuscript annotations of a Protestant nature, including references to s\u003cem\u003eola Scriptura\u003c\/em\u003e, making it an early witness to the Protestant Reformation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBound in near-contemporary vellum, preserving substantial fragments of a late medieval manuscript on vellum reused as binder's waste, it is a handsome copy of this scarce edition, which is represented by only a single copy in Poland (Biblioteka Ossolineum) via the USTC.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Julia Woodward Antykwariat","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55082263249237,"sku":null,"price":3500.0,"currency_code":"PLN","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1081\/7922\/6965\/files\/DSC0082626_46f38897-e491-4ef9-9ae2-77bfd9685b9f.jpg?v=1790111928"},{"product_id":"greek-new-testament-1534","title":"Between Erasmus and Estienne: The Important Greek New Testament of 1534","description":"\u003cp\u003e[Greek New Testament] \u003cem\u003eἩ Καινὴ Διαθήκη; Hē Kainḕ Diathḗkē\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003cbr\u003eParis: Simon de Colines, December 1534.\u003cbr\u003eOctavo.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIssued twelve years before Estienne’s first Greek New Testament (1546), this edition represents an important transitional stage between Erasmus and the mature critical tradition of the later sixteenth century. It was the first Greek New Testament printed in France and has been described by Darlow and Moule as “the earliest attempt at a critical text” of the Greek New Testament.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe text was principally based on Erasmus' influential third edition of 1522, which would later form a major component of the so-called \u003cem\u003eTextus Receptus\u003c\/em\u003e tradition. It also incorporates variants from the Complutensian Polyglot, together with fifty-two otherwise unattested readings apparently derived from manuscript sources. Many of these unique readings are deemed significant, including the omission of the \u003cem\u003eComma Johanneum\u003c\/em\u003e, a feature not retained in most subsequent printed Greek New Testaments for nearly two centuries.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis edition is one of the greatest productions of Simon de Colines, one of the most prolific Parisian printers of the sixteenth century, responsible for some seven hundred editions. It is set in his second Greek typeface. It was covertly produced with Antoine Augereau, a Protestant typefounder who was executed for heresy immediately following the completion of this book on Christmas Eve 1534.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe final few quires of this edition (II-KK) contain lives of the evangelists and prologues in Greek.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExtremely rare in both institutions and commerce. The USTC locates no copies in British, German, Polish, or Italian libraries, while only four further copies appear to have reached the market during the past two decades (Sotheby's, 2016; Swann Galleries, 2018; Forum Auctions, 2021; Rare Tome).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Julia Woodward Antykwariat","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55082314662229,"sku":null,"price":15000.0,"currency_code":"PLN","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1081\/7922\/6965\/files\/DSC008262_e61271a9-92ed-43a5-ae5c-ae675a63a0d3.jpg?v=1790112431"},{"product_id":"martin-luther-criticises-the-pope-first-edition-1522","title":"Martin Luther at Wartburg: A Rare 1522 Tract on Confession and Papal Authority","description":"\u003cp\u003eLuther, Martin (1483–1546).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003eVon der Beycht ob die der Bapst macht hab zu gebieten\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003cbr\u003eWittenberg (i.e. Strasbourg): Wolfgang Köpfel, 1521 (i.e. 1522).\u003cbr\u003eQuarto.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFirst edition of this very rare early polemical tract by Martin Luther.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the formative years of the Protestant Reformation, the printing of Luther’s works could be both commercially attractive and politically hazardous. The present tract reflects that context: a polemical work challenging papal authority and certain practices of the early modern Roman Catholic Church. It was written during Luther’s seclusion at the Wartburg following his condemnation at the Diet of Worms. It examines confession and the extent of papal authority over the Christian conscience.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrinted books of this kind played an important role in the dissemination of Reformation thought. Relatively inexpensive to produce and distribute when compared to manuscripts and larger printed works, they allowed theological and polemical writings to circulate rapidly throughout Europe. Consequently, comparatively few survive.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe present edition bears a false Wittenberg imprint; it was actually printed in Strasbourg by Wolfgang Köpfel. Such imprints reflect the authority attached to Wittenberg as the centre most closely associated with Luther and the early Protestant movement, while also giving printers a degree of distance from the controversies surrounding the publication of Reformation texts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe USTC records only one copy in Poland and just thirteen worldwide.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Julia Woodward Antykwariat","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55082385146197,"sku":null,"price":9950.0,"currency_code":"PLN","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1081\/7922\/6965\/files\/DSC0082623_95990ab1-6d53-46d1-ad57-ba221cb4188a.jpg?v=1790113237"},{"product_id":"ignatius-of-antioch-polycarp-basel-1520","title":"The Apostolic Fathers in Print: Ignatius of Antioch \u0026 Polycarp, Basel 1520","description":"\u003cp\u003eIgnatius of Antioch; Pseudo-Ignatius; Polycarp.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003eGloriosi Christi Martyris Ignatii Antiocheni antistitis, Epistolae undecim.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003eItem una beati Polycarpi martyris epistola, cum argumento Iacobi Fabri\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003eStapulen[sis] in easdem\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003cbr\u003eBasel: Adam Petri, August 1520.\u003cbr\u003eQuarto.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA handsome Basel edition of the epistles attributed to Saint Ignatius of Antioch, together with the Epistle of Polycarp, edited and introduced by the French humanist and biblical scholar Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples. The volume belongs to the early sixteenth-century revival of interest in the Apostolic Fathers and represents one of the earliest printed collections through which Western scholars gained access to the writings attributed to Ignatius and Polycarp.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs was customary before the textual criticism of the seventeenth century, the collection includes the expanded corpus of eleven Ignatian epistles, four of which are now regarded as later pseudepigraphic compositions. Printed at Basel by the noted humanist printer Adam Petri, the edition reflects the Renaissance effort to recover and disseminate the literature of the primitive Church, furnishing theologians of both the Catholic and emerging Protestant traditions with important patristic texts. For much of the sixteenth century it served as an influential witness to the so-called Longer Recension of the Ignatian corpus, before being superseded by later critical editions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe title page is enclosed within an attractive woodcut border designed by Ambrosius Holbein, one of the most accomplished book artists active in Basel during the early decades of the sixteenth century.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe USTC records 26 extant copies held institutionally, including only one copy held in Poland (Ossolineum) and none in the United States.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Julia Woodward Antykwariat","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55082424664405,"sku":null,"price":3500.0,"currency_code":"PLN","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1081\/7922\/6965\/files\/DSC0082623_47d6fc16-764b-4504-a3af-c1efa2a2b137.jpg?v=1790113712"},{"product_id":"a-renaissance-bible-owned-by-a-priest-who-saved-jews-during-the-holocaust","title":"A Renaissance Bible owned by a priest who saved Jews during the Holocaust","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBiblia Latina\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003cbr\u003eLyon: Jacques Sacon, 10 November 1506.\u003cbr\u003eFolio.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe rare first Bible printed by Jacques Sacon, very extensively annotated throughout in contemporary hands, rubricated, and with remarkable later provenance to Martin Jan Vochoč, the Czech priest celebrated for helping some 1,500 Jews escape Nazi persecution.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis was the first Bible issued from the press of Jacques Sacon, probably for the Lyon bookseller Barthélemy Trot, inaugurating the important series of Latin Bibles for which Sacon became particularly celebrated and preceding by six years the first of his editions printed for Anton Koberger.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe edition has an unusually distinctive bibliographical character. In the colophon Sacon describes the book as Impressum est characteribus venetis per Iacobum Sacon, while the original title-page device closely imitated that employed by the Venetian Giunta press. The combination appears deliberately conceived to evoke the appearance and commercial prestige of Venetian, and specifically Giunta, production. The connection is particularly striking in retrospect: Giunta’s illustrated Latin Bible of 1511 subsequently furnished the principal model for the first Sacon-Koberger Bible of 1512.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe edition also belongs to an important transitional phase in the history of the printed Vulgate text, between the inherited textual traditions of the fifteenth century and the increasingly corrected and critically examined Latin Bibles of the sixteenth century. Sacon followed the Bible printed by Thielman Kerver for Jean Petit in 1504, itself a substantially corrected text associated with the editorial work of Adrianus Gummelli. The 1506 Bible thus stands at the intersection of two developments that would increasingly define biblical publishing in the new century: a more sophisticated international market for printed Scripture and a more interventionist approach to the received Latin text.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe present copy is distinguished by extensive contemporary annotation throughout virtually the entire text. Seemingly several unidentified early readers have supplied a continuous series of marginal notes, not merely occasional glosses but sustained evidence of close engagement with Scripture from beginning to end. The density and continuity of the marginalia make this an unusually substantial witness to the practical reading and study of the Bible in the first years of the sixteenth century, on the eve of the theological upheavals of the Reformation that would transform Western Christianity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIts later provenance is no less remarkable.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn 6 December 1929 the Bible was acquired by the nineteen-year-old Martin Jan Vochoč (1910–1967) and entered as no. 2320 in his personal library. Vochoč, an archivist, historian and Old Catholic priest, would later become known as the “Czech Oskar Schindler” for his role in producing fictitious baptismal certificates for Jews attempting to escape Nazi persecution. Vochoč studied theology and archival science, worked for a time as historiographer to the Knights of Malta, and was ordained an Old Catholic priest in 1936.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuring the Nazi occupation of Czechoslovakia he collaborated with the Prague lawyer Rudolf Štursa in issuing false baptismal certificates to Jews seeking to emigrate. Later research records approximately 1,500 such documents. Although that figure cannot be equated directly with an identical number of lives saved, the surviving evidence establishes that the operation enabled numerous Jews to avoid deportation to concentration camps and probable death.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHis activities attracted the attention of the Gestapo. In 1941 an order was issued to search his premises and arrest him in connection with the falsification of Jewish baptismal certificates, though he was initially released for lack of evidence. He was subsequently sent, on instructions from the Reich Main Security Office (RSHA), to forced labour in Germany. At Coburg in Bavaria he worked as a clerk and contracted tuberculosis. His illness led to his release in 1944 and return to Prague, where he nevertheless remained under Gestapo surveillance and was forbidden to exercise his priestly ministry.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe precisely dated acquisition of the present Bible lends this provenance particular force. Vochoč did not acquire it retrospectively as an established priest or historian, but as a nineteen-year-old student, seven years before his ordination and almost a decade before the actions for which he would later become known. The volume consequently survives both as an intensively studied Renaissance Bible and as a tangible object from the intellectual formation of a man whose later courage placed him within one of the defining moral crises of twentieth-century Europe.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRare\u003c\/strong\u003e. Just twelve institutional copies are presently recorded across the two USTC records for the edition, with none recorded in Poland or the United States.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Julia Woodward Antykwariat","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55082477289813,"sku":null,"price":19500.0,"currency_code":"PLN","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1081\/7922\/6965\/files\/DSC0082626_d7fab68e-3314-456d-b70e-3191d70baa88.jpg?v=1790114108"},{"product_id":"gregory-the-great-s-moralia-in-job-1498","title":"Gregory the Great’s Moralia in Job, 1498: A Late Incunable with an Ave Maria Binding","description":"\u003cp\u003e[Gregory the Great] Sanctus Gregorius Magnus (c. 540–604).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003eMoralia, sive expositio in Job\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003cbr\u003eBrescia: Angelus Britannicus, 2 June 1498.\u003cbr\u003eQuarto.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA handsome late medieval copy of Gregory’s \u003cem\u003eMoralia\u003c\/em\u003e, from the final incunable edition, with notable early female provenance. The binding is repaired but preserves a particularly handsome contemporary front board decorated with an intricate \u003cem\u003eAve Maria\u003c\/em\u003e border. Gregory the Great’s \u003cem\u003eMoralia in Job\u003c\/em\u003e, composed in the late sixth century, is one of the most influential works of medieval Christian theology: a vast commentary on the Book of Job in which Gregory moves beyond literal exposition to interpret the text morally, allegorically and spiritually, exploring virtue, sin, suffering, pastoral responsibility, and the progress of the soul toward God. The work became a foundational text of medieval monastic and theological culture and circulated widely throughout the Middle Ages.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Julia Woodward Antykwariat","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55082534142293,"sku":null,"price":12750.0,"currency_code":"PLN","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1081\/7922\/6965\/files\/DSC0082623_4f723ed3-619b-4e75-940d-0cfff4e49f5d.jpg?v=1790114366"},{"product_id":"a-renaissance-encyclopaedia-of-the-house-grapaldi-s-de-partibus-aedium-1494","title":"A Renaissance Encyclopaedia of the House: Grapaldi’s De partibus aedium, 1494","description":"\u003cp\u003eGrapaldus, Franciscus Marius (1460–1515).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003eDe partibus aedium\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003cbr\u003eParma: Angelus Ugoletus, 1494.\u003cbr\u003eQuarto.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo recorded copies held in Poland\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e. \u003c\/em\u003eThis rare incunable edition presents Francesco Mario Grapaldi’s \u003cem\u003eDe partibus aedium\u003c\/em\u003e, an unusual and highly engaging Renaissance treatise on the parts, contents, and management of the house. Printed at Parma by Angelus Ugoletus in 1494, it belongs to the small but important body of fifteenth-century printed works concerned with architecture, domestic space, material culture, and the recovery of classical terminology. Although modest in format, the work is intellectually ambitious: it approaches the house not merely as a building, but as a complete human, social, and learned environment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFrancesco Mario Grapaldi was a humanist from Parma, poet, antiquary, and man of letters. His \u003cem\u003eDe partibus aedium\u003c\/em\u003e is his best-known work and reflects the broad encyclopaedic habits of Renaissance humanism. Drawing heavily on classical authorities, especially Latin authors concerned with architecture, natural history, agriculture, household economy, and antiquarian terminology, Grapaldi organises the domestic world into a learned survey of rooms, structures, furnishings, tools, gardens, animals, food, wine, and household practices. The result is not a technical architectural manual in the narrow Vitruvian sense, but a humanist lexicon of the house and its contents.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe work is arranged as a kind of thematic dictionary or encyclopaedia of domestic life. Grapaldi treats the various parts of the house and its surrounding spaces, including areas such as the kitchen, library, nursery, aviary, fishpond, stable, garden, and storehouse. From these architectural and domestic headings, he moves outward into discussions of the objects, materials, activities, and vocabulary associated with them. The text therefore offers valuable evidence for the Renaissance understanding of the household as a place of learning, storage, display, production, nourishment, sociability, and moral order.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIts interest extends beyond architecture. \u003cem\u003eDe partibus aedium\u003c\/em\u003e is also significant for the history of lexicography, domestic economy, gastronomy, gardening, and book history. Later editions explicitly present the work as a lexicon, and its method anticipates the encyclopaedic tendency of many sixteenth-century dictionaries. Particularly notable is Grapaldi’s discussion of the library, which includes a celebrated account of papermaking. Elsewhere the work touches on food, wine, storage, household provisioning, tools, crafts, animals, and gardens, making it a rich source for the material culture of the Renaissance home.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e“Contains a glossary of terms used in building, gardening, and domestic crafts; and includes an interesting tour of a house, its nursery and library, its fishpond, aviary, and stables. Relates also to architecture and gastronomy” (Stillwell). “This work was an early dictionary and probably the first to include architectural terms” (Fowler). “He describes the various foods and wines to be kept in the house, when and how to serve them, and how to avoid waste and excess” (Simon).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe 1494 Parma edition is the first edition of the work and its only incunable printing. It was followed by a series of sixteenth-century editions, including revised and expanded forms, which testify to the continued usefulness and appeal of the text. It is rare. ISTC records forty holding institutions, with \u003cstrong\u003eno copies recorded in Poland\u003c\/strong\u003e and only two in Germany. As a result, this edition is desirable not only as an early printed architectural and antiquarian text, but also as a witness to the humanist attempt to order the material world of the house through classical language and learned classification.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Julia Woodward Antykwariat","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55093834285397,"sku":null,"price":15000.0,"currency_code":"PLN","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1081\/7922\/6965\/files\/DSC008262_b5794120-1f93-46ab-8c62-66e3c03c182c.jpg?v=1790191536"},{"product_id":"seneca-on-stoicism-1492","title":"Seneca on Stoicism, Life and Virtue: A Venetian Incunable of 1492","description":"\u003cp\u003eSeneca, Lucius Annaeus [Seneca] (c. 4 BCE–65 CE).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003eOpera philosophica et epistolae\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003cbr\u003eVenice: Bernardinus de Choris, de Cremona, 31 October 1492.\u003cbr\u003eFolio.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis incunable edition presents the philosophical, ethical, epistolary, and pseudo-Senecan corpus as it was received in the later Middle Ages and early Renaissance. Printed at Venice by Bernardinus de Choris of Cremona on 31 October 1492, the edition belongs to the mature phase of Italian humanist printing, when classical authors were being consolidated into large-format printed corpora for scholarly, moral, and rhetorical use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLucius Annaeus Seneca, known as Seneca the Younger, was one of the principal intellectual figures of the early Roman Empire. Born at Corduba in Hispania around 4 BCE, he rose to prominence at Rome as a Stoic philosopher, orator, statesman, and tutor to the emperor Nero. His career ended in enforced suicide in 65 CE, following his alleged implication in the Pisonian conspiracy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeneca’s writings exercised an exceptionally durable influence upon late antique, medieval, and Renaissance moral thought. His Stoic emphasis on self-command, constancy, contempt of fortune, moderation of the passions, and the ethical formation of the individual made him one of the most widely read pagan authors within Christian intellectual culture.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe contents of this edition are deliberately comprehensive. They include major moral and political treatises such as \u003cem\u003eDe clementia\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eDe beneficiis\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eDe ira\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eDe beata vita\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eDe tranquillitate vitae\u003c\/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eDe brevitate vitae\u003c\/em\u003e, together with the \u003cem\u003eEpistolae ad Lucilium\u003c\/em\u003e, Seneca’s great epistolary meditation on philosophy as a discipline of life.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe volume also contains texts transmitted under Seneca’s name but now recognised as spurious or wrongly attributed, including \u003cem\u003eDe moribus\u003c\/em\u003e, the pseudo-Senecan \u003cem\u003eDe quattuor virtutibus cardinalibus\u003c\/em\u003e by Martin of Braga, the \u003cem\u003eProverbia Senecae\u003c\/em\u003e, and the apocryphal correspondence between Seneca and St Paul.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, the edition incorporates rhetorical material now attributed to Seneca the Elder, namely the \u003cem\u003eDeclamationes\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eSuasoriae\u003c\/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eControversiae\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe result is not merely an edition of Seneca the philosopher, but a printed monument to the broader medieval and humanist idea of “Seneca” as moralist, rhetorician, political counsellor, and near-Christian sage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe inclusion of the correspondence between Seneca and St Paul is especially significant for understanding the intellectual world in which this edition was produced. Although now regarded as apocryphal, the letters helped sustain the long-standing medieval belief that Seneca stood in close proximity to Christian revelation. Their presence in this edition reflects the continued Renaissance interest in reconciling pagan moral philosophy with Christian ethical teaching.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSimilarly, the attribution to Seneca of works by later Christian or late antique authors demonstrates the breadth of his medieval authority: his name functioned not only as that of a historical Roman writer, but as a guarantor of moral wisdom.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeneca’s Stoicism, and \u003cem\u003eDe clementia\u003c\/em\u003e in particular, became important to Polish Renaissance political thought and to the education of royal advisers, while his influence can also be traced in the literary culture of the Polish Golden Age, including the work of Jan Kochanowski.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIts importance lies precisely in its composite character. It preserves the Seneca known to fifteenth-century readers: at once Stoic philosopher, imperial adviser, master of moral prose, supposed correspondent of St Paul, and authoritative source of \u003cem\u003esententiae\u003c\/em\u003e. As such, it offers valuable evidence not only for the early printing history of classical literature, but also for the intellectual construction of Seneca’s authority before the stricter textual separations of modern scholarship.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eISTC records five copies held in Polish institutional collections (Bielany Kam, Płock Sem, Toruń, Książnica Kopernikańska, Warszawa, Biblioteka Narodowa, Wrocław, Biblioteka Uniwersytecka), and GW records “at least one copy in private ownership” worldwide.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eContents\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDe remediis fortuitorum\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eDe clementia\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eDe beneficiis\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eDe ira\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eDe mundi gubernatione\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eDe beata vita\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eDe consolatione\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eDe tranquillitate vitae\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eQuomodo in sapientem non cadit iniuria\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eDe brevitate vitae\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eEpistolae ad Lucilium\u003c\/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003eDe moribus\u003c\/em\u003e. Pseudo-Seneca [Martinus Dumiensis, Archbishop of Braga (Bracara)]: \u003cem\u003eDe quattuor virtutibus cardinalibus\u003c\/em\u003e. Lucius Annaeus Seneca (the Elder): \u003cem\u003eDeclamationes\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eSuasoriae\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eControversiae\u003c\/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003eProverbia Senecae\u003c\/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003eEpistolae Pauli et Senecae\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Julia Woodward Antykwariat","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55093861089621,"sku":null,"price":9950.0,"currency_code":"PLN","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1081\/7922\/6965\/files\/P1010911.jpg?v=1790191986"},{"product_id":"duns-scotus-incunable-1481","title":"Duns Scotus on Creation, Free Will and the Human Soul, Venice, 1481","description":"\u003cp\u003eDuns Scotus, Johannes [John Duns Scotus] (c. 1265–1308).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuaestiones in quattuor libros Sententiarum Petri Lombardi\u003c\/em\u003e. [\u003cem\u003ePars II\u003c\/em\u003e].\u003cbr\u003eVenice: Johannes Herbort, de Seligenstadt, for Johannes de Colonia,\u003cbr\u003eNicolaus Jenson et Socii, 22 November 1481.\u003cbr\u003eFolio.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis incunable edition preserves Part II of John Duns Scotus’ great scholastic commentary on the \u003cem\u003eSentences\u003c\/em\u003e of Peter Lombard, the central theological textbook of the medieval schools. Printed at Venice by Johannes Herbort of Seligenstadt for the important partnership of Johannes de Colonia, Nicolaus Jenson, and associates, the edition belongs to the mature phase of Venetian incunable printing, when the major monuments of scholastic theology were being transferred from manuscript circulation into substantial printed folios for use by universities, religious houses, and learned readers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJohn Duns Scotus, the “Subtle Doctor”, was one of the most important philosophers and theologians of the later Middle Ages. Born in Scotland around 1265\/6, he entered the Franciscan order and taught at Oxford, Paris, and Cologne, where he died in 1308. His work exercised a profound influence on late medieval and early modern theology, especially within the Franciscan intellectual tradition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eScotus is particularly associated with his rigorous analysis of metaphysics, individuation, divine freedom, the will, cognition, contingency, and the Immaculate Conception. His subtle distinctions and technical precision made him one of the defining scholastic thinkers of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eQuaestiones in quattuor libros Sententiarum Petri Lombardi\u003c\/em\u003e represents Scotus’ engagement with Peter Lombard’s four-book \u003cem\u003eSentences\u003c\/em\u003e, the standard framework through which medieval theologians treated the whole body of Christian doctrine.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePart II corresponds to the second book of the \u003cem\u003eSentences\u003c\/em\u003e, traditionally concerned with creation and the created order. It includes discussions of God as creator, the nature of angels, the structure of the created world, the human soul, free will, sin, grace, and the Fall. In this part, Scotus’ characteristic concerns with contingency, causality, individuation, and the relation between divine and created freedom are especially prominent.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs a separate surviving part, this volume is significant both textually and bibliographically. The 1481 edition was issued in four parts, and surviving copies are often fragmentary, incomplete, or dispersed between institutions. Part II is especially desirable because it contains some of the most philosophically substantial material in Scotus’ commentary, including questions bearing directly on metaphysics, anthropology, angelology, and moral responsibility.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt therefore has value not merely as a component of a larger four-part set, but as an important scholastic text in its own right.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eISTC records four copies held in Polish institutions: a complete set at the Biblioteka Jagiellońska; Part IV only at Opole, Wyższe Międzydiecezjalne Seminarium Duchowne w Opolu; an imperfect Part I only at Warsaw, Metropolitan Seminary; and an imperfect set at Wrocław, Biblioteka Uniwersytecka.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis is representative of the wider state of survival, with copies remarkably fragmented across institutions: of the 216 copies represented by the 195 entries in ISTC, only just over half, 118, include Part II, and just 68 are complete sets; a large number of these complete sets also appear to be composite or married sets.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe present copy therefore offers an attractive opportunity either to unite dispersed parts or complete a set, while remaining a significant individual work in its own right.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Julia Woodward Antykwariat","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55093885174101,"sku":null,"price":13250.0,"currency_code":"PLN","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1081\/7922\/6965\/files\/DSC0082626_5283b25f-94dd-4743-9f47-126e6ba56cc5.jpg?v=1790192388"},{"product_id":"speculum-historiale-1473","title":"The Medieval World and Possibly the Earliest Printed History of Poland: Vincent of Beauvais, c. 1473–1476","description":"\u003ch3 style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\n\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePossibly the earliest printed witness to Polish history. The same edition was later used by Maciej Miechowita in the first printed dedicated history of Poland.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVINCENTIUS BELLOVACENSIS\u003c\/em\u003e [Vincent of Beauvais]\u003cbr\u003e(c. 1190–c. 1264).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpeculum historiale\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003cbr\u003eStrasbourg: Adolf Rusch, the \"R-Printer\", c. 1473, not after 1476.\u003cbr\u003eParts I–IV bound into two large folio volumes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe most influential historical encyclopaedia of the Middle Ages. A rare survival preserving the four-part structure of Adolf Rusch’s monumental 67-line Strasbourg edition in contemporary bindings.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough the edition survives in approximately 136 institutional holdings worldwide (via ISTC), the census reveals a strikingly fragmented pattern of transmission. Many recorded holdings comprise only Parts I–II or III–IV, often imperfect, reflecting the long history of independent circulation of the constituent volumes. Copies preserving all four parts together are substantially less common than the headline census figure suggests.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe have been unable to trace another appearance in modern commerce of the present Rusch edition preserving all four parts. Even the distinguished nineteenth-century bibliophile Dr Georg Kloss appears to have owned only the first two volumes of the 1473 Johannes Mentelin edition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAt a time when surviving copies are frequently defective, dispersed, or incomplete, the present copy, though textually incomplete, preserves all four parts of the historical sequence of one of the most influential texts of the medieval world, including the desirable complete fourth part.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe rarity of such survivals was already recognised in the nineteenth century. In his landmark study \u003cem\u003eAccount of a Copy of the First Edition of the Speculum Maius of Vincent de Beauvais\u003c\/em\u003e (1885), John Ferguson observed:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e“There is hardly any book less common than a complete set of the editio princeps of the Speculum Maius.”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter surveying the principal institutional and private collections available to him, Ferguson found complete examples exceedingly difficult to identify and noted that even when sections appeared they were usually incomplete. More than a century later, the surviving evidence remains remarkably consistent with his observations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe examples traced in modern commerce comprise almost exclusively fragmentary or defective copies, including the copy offered by Kiefer (Auction 54, 2004, lot 320, 15 000 EUR), preserving only Parts I–II, and the incomplete Parts I–II copy successively handled by Swann Galleries (2015), Sanctuary Rare Books (2018), 25 000 USD, and Christie’s (2022). Phillip J. Pirages also sold a volume III (only) of the Mentelin edition, incomplete of a blank, for 17 500 USD in 2016.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe celebrated William Morris copy of the 1473 Mentelin edition, sold at Sotheby’s in 1898 (lot 1192, £36) and subsequently acquired by the New York Public Library, represents the only complete four-part Strasbourg \u003cem\u003eSpeculum historiale\u003c\/em\u003e recorded in commerce that we have been able to trace since the State Library Victoria, Australia acquired its textually incomplete four-part copy from the book dealer Frederik Muller circa 1854–1876.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFew monuments of medieval learning rival Vincent of Beauvais’s \u003cem\u003eSpeculum maius\u003c\/em\u003e in either ambition or influence. Conceived within the intellectual milieu of the court of King Louis IX of France, for whose children Vincent is believed to have served as tutor, it represented the most comprehensive attempt of the Middle Ages to gather and organise the entirety of human knowledge.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe work ultimately came to be transmitted in four great divisions: the \u003cem\u003eSpeculum naturale\u003c\/em\u003e, treating the natural world; the \u003cem\u003eSpeculum doctrinale\u003c\/em\u003e, encompassing the arts and sciences; the probably apocryphal \u003cem\u003eSpeculum morale\u003c\/em\u003e; and the \u003cem\u003eSpeculum historiale\u003c\/em\u003e, a universal history extending from Creation to the author’s own age.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOf these components, the \u003cem\u003eSpeculum historiale\u003c\/em\u003e proved by far the most influential and widely disseminated. More than 250 manuscript volumes are recorded, while the text circulated throughout Europe both in Latin and through vernacular adaptations in French, Dutch, German, Catalan, and other languages.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJacob van Maerlant’s \u003cem\u003eSpiegel Historiael\u003c\/em\u003e, begun in 1283, ranks among the earliest great vernacular historical compilations, while Jean de Vignay’s \u003cem\u003eMiroir historial\u003c\/em\u003e ensured Vincent’s work a central place within the historical culture of late medieval France. Through these and numerous other adaptations, Vincent’s vision of sacred and secular history became one of the principal frameworks through which medieval Europe understood the past.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe fragmented survival of the edition reflects not merely later loss, but the original conception of the work itself. Modern scholarship has emphasised that Vincent recognised that the immense scale of the \u003cem\u003eSpeculum maius\u003c\/em\u003e would place complete copies beyond the reach of many readers [Voorbij, 2024]. Accordingly, he structured its constituent parts so that they could circulate as self-contained works, each furnished with its own prologue and apparatus.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMedieval owners frequently commissioned or acquired only those sections most relevant to their interests, and complete manuscript copies of the entire \u003cem\u003eSpeculum maius\u003c\/em\u003e were themselves exceptional, with just two complete examples presently recorded [ibid]. The \u003cem\u003eSpeculum historiale\u003c\/em\u003e was the most successful component of the enterprise, and within it the fourth and final part, beginning with the reign of Charlemagne, appears to have enjoyed a particularly independent existence as a history of comparatively recent Europe.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe large number of institutional holdings preserving only Parts I–II, III–IV, or individual parts, therefore reflects a mode of transmission already implicit in the author’s design.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOf note in the fourth volume is possibly the earliest printed witness to the history of Poland, preceding Miechowita’s \u003cem\u003eChronica Polonorum\u003c\/em\u003e by approximately forty-six years, as well as the historical accounts found in the \u003cem\u003eFasciculus Temporum\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eHistoria Bohemica\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eChronicon Pontificum et imperatorum\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eSupplementum Chronicarum\u003c\/em\u003e, and the Nuremberg Chronicle.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt includes an account of the Mongol invasion of Poland in 1241, beginning: “\u003cem\u003eAnno quo Christi MCCXLI Tartari vastaverunt Poloniam et Hungariam\u003c\/em\u003e...” The work also recounts the journey of Benedictus Polonus through Poland alongside John of Plano Carpini as delegates of Pope Innocent IV to the Mongol court between 1245 and 1247, a significant record given that little else is recorded of Benedict beyond his status as the first Pole to have travelled to China, some twenty-five years before Marco Polo.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt further mentions Konrad I Mazowiecki, Duke Bolesław, and several other important figures in early Polish history, preserving probably the earliest printed account of Poland’s encounter with the Mongol world and its place within the wider diplomatic and political networks of thirteenth-century Europe.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe present edition belongs to the earliest printed transmission and is usually regarded as the first edition of the \u003cem\u003eSpeculum historiale\u003c\/em\u003e, preceding Johann Mentelin’s dated Strasbourg edition of December 1473 (cf. ISTC; BSB-Ink; USTC). However, some bibliographers and institutional catalogues (cf. GW) have adopted a more cautious position.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe edition is undated and its precise priority over Mentelin’s printing cannot be demonstrated with certainty; it is therefore perhaps best described as printed not later than 1476 owing to a dated purchase note in a copy cited by the BnF.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduced by Adolf Rusch, the celebrated “R-Printer”, it ranks among the foundational monuments of Strasbourg typography and among the most ambitious productions of the first generation of German printing. Long identified only through the distinctive capital “R” employed in his type, Rusch is now recognised as Johann Mentelin’s son-in-law and close associate, responsible for some of the most technically sophisticated books produced in fifteenth-century Strasbourg.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe bibliographical history of the edition is both complex and distinguished. Earlier generations of scholars frequently confused several Strasbourg editions under Mentelin’s name, but subsequent study established the independent character of the present 67-line edition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFerguson distinguished the various Strasbourg settings and identified the present issue through its characteristic capital forms. The distinctive capital “R”, from which the anonymous printer received his conventional name, remains one of the most recognisable typographical features of early Strasbourg printing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTypographically, the edition represents one of the high achievements of the first decade of European printing. Printed in Rusch’s celebrated semi-Gothic type, distinguished by its characteristic capital forms and subtle incorporation of Roman elements, it occupies a fascinating position between manuscript culture and typographic innovation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe page retains the authority, rhythm, and visual density of the medieval codex while displaying the technical sophistication of one of Europe’s earliest presses.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParticularly noteworthy is a contemporary note written by the rubricator on Part III, f. 148. The note records the omission of the conclusion of the narrative concerning Saints Eustasius and Attala while directing that the missing text be supplied from elsewhere.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt occurs immediately before a section in which leaves are demonstrably disordered, with two leaves surviving misbound elsewhere in the set and two others wanting. Together with the surviving disorder of the gathering, the annotation preserves evidence of a defect recognised during the preparation of the volume itself, offering a rare glimpse into the practical realities of producing and assembling “the largest printed book of the fifteenth century” (referring to the full \u003cem\u003eSpeculum maius\u003c\/em\u003e).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe present copy also preserves a curious interrupted programme of rubrication in Parts III–IV, with only twenty-seven pages rubricated while the remainder were left undecorated.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFerguson perhaps captured the significance of the edition best when he concluded:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e“\u003cem\u003eIf it be not nearly so rare as the Valdarfer Boccaccio, if it be not possessed of the age and the historical and intrinsic value of the Gutenberg Bible or the Fust and Schoeffer Psalter, if it be not able to command the price of much more recent and more abundant books, yet as a monument of medieval learning and labour and of fifteenth-century art, skill, and conscientiousness, nothing more could be desired\u003c\/em\u003e.”\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Julia Woodward Antykwariat","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55093980102997,"sku":null,"price":125000.0,"currency_code":"PLN","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1081\/7922\/6965\/files\/P1010881.jpg?v=1790193212"},{"product_id":"bernardino-of-siena-1466","title":"Medieval Money, Luxury and Marriage: An Illuminated Medieval Manuscript of St Bernardino of Siena, 1466","description":"\u003ch3 style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMedieval Economics, Female Luxury and Marriage\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSaint Bernardino of Siena (1380–1444); Saint Antoninus of Florence (1389–1459); Giovanni d’Andrea (c. 1270–1348); anonymous.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTractatus de restitutionibus; Excerpta ex tractatu de restitutionibus; Tractatus de contractibus et usuris; Tractatus de ornatu mulierum; Tractatus de sponsalibus et matrimonio; Casus.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNorthern Italy, probably Lombardy, perhaps Brescia, c. 1450–1466; the second scribal unit explicitly dated 18 September 1466.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIlluminated manuscript on parchment. Quarto (173 × 245 mm).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSaint Bernardino of Siena, acclaimed by Pope Pius II as “another Paul” and revered as the “Apostle of Italy,” was the most powerful Italian preacher of the fifteenth century and the great moral intelligence of Europe’s emerging commercial order. This complete illuminated manuscript on parchment brings together his monumental treatises on restitution, contracts and usury, themselves an innovative analysis of property, credit, price, capital, profit and the authority of the merchant, with an extraordinary sequence of texts on women’s luxury, betrothal and marriage, following the life of wealth from the international marketplace into female fashion, jewellery, dowry, inheritance and the legal constitution of the family.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePreserved intact and complete, with contemporary annotation and a concluding legal \u003cem\u003eCasus\u003c\/em\u003e, and subsequently housed in the celebrated Minutoli-Tegrimi Library, this codex is a commanding witness to the moment when money, female consumption and marriage were drawn together into a single system of European social thought. In Poland, where Bernardino’s name became attached to an entire cultural-religious movement, its resonance is exceptional.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBernardino’s influence rested on the extraordinary reach of his preaching. For more than three decades he moved through the cities of Italy, addressing merchants, magistrates and crowded civic audiences on the moral dangers of rapid commercial expansion. Usury, fraudulent exchange, manipulated prices, conspicuous consumption and the dissipation of family wealth were not peripheral concerns in his sermons but central disorders of the Christian commonwealth, and his campaigns could reshape public behaviour on a dramatic scale: luxury goods and objects of vanity were surrendered and destroyed in scenes that anticipate, and indeed originated, the tradition later made famous by Savonarola’s bonfire of the vanities.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe organisation of the manuscript is especially revealing of its purpose. Bernardino’s \u003cem\u003eTractatus de restitutionibus\u003c\/em\u003e occupies ff. 1r–37v. It is not followed immediately by his great \u003cem\u003eTractatus de contractibus et usuris\u003c\/em\u003e, but instead by ten folios explicitly identified by the scribe as extracts from a treatise on restitution by the Dominican Antoninus of Florence, “\u003cem\u003eextracta sunt de tractatu quem de restitutionibus edidit … frater Antoninus de Florentia sacri ordinis Predicatorum\u003c\/em\u003e” (ff. 38r–48r), before the manuscript returns to Bernardino’s \u003cem\u003eDe contractibus et usuris\u003c\/em\u003e on f. 48r, continuing to f. 92r.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAntoninus, a Dominican friar and archbishop of Florence, is thus deliberately inserted between Bernardino’s two major economic texts as a second authority on the same moral and economic problem. This is therefore a compendium consciously assembled to bring Franciscan and Dominican moral theology into direct dialogue over the ethics of commercial life, significantly before modern scholarship arrived at the same pairing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo other manuscript preserving this particular sequence of texts has been identified: the present codex appears to be the unique surviving witness to this precise conjunction of Bernardino, Antoninus and Johannes Andreae, moving from restitution and commercial ethics through female luxury to betrothal and marriage. One very close but distinct parallel is Cuomo MS 1.7.23; another is Biblioteca Comunale Teresiana MS 17. Thematically similar manuscripts include Vat. lat. 7698 and Society of Antiquaries, London, MS 335.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBernardino’s \u003cem\u003eTractatus de contractibus et usuris\u003c\/em\u003e then carries that enquiry across contracts, lending, exchange, price, risk and legitimate commercial profit. Bernardino did not condemn commerce as such: his purpose was to define the conditions under which profit, credit and exchange could operate justly, recognising legitimate recompense for labour, expertise and risk: an analysis of value, scarcity and entrepreneurial judgement now ranked among the most sophisticated achievements of scholastic economic thought, arrived at centuries before political economy existed as an independent discipline.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAt f. 93r a second contemporary scribe begins Antoninus’s \u003cem\u003eDe ornatu mulierum\u003c\/em\u003e: “\u003cem\u003eQueritur primo utrum ornatus mulierum secundum morem patrie qui videtur vanus et superfluus\u003c\/em\u003e…,” a text that arose from a genuine economic and pastoral controversy: an Observant Franciscan had denied absolution to an artisan who made fashionable women’s clothing and accessories, and the case was referred for authoritative judgment, prompting Antoninus’s discussion of the moral responsibility surrounding the manufacture, sale and use of female ornament, a controversy Thomas Izbicki dates to 1439–40.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIts placement after the treatise on contracts and usury is deliberate and significant: having examined the justice of economic acquisition and exchange, the manuscript turns to one of the most conspicuous forms in which wealth was converted into social display: clothing and personal ornament. Capital drawn from the household into fashion and jewellery drove dowries upward and distorted marriage prospects, giving luxury the character of a genuine economic force rather than a mere moral failing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe same scribe continues at f. 96v with Johannes Andreae’s \u003cem\u003eSummula super quarto libro Decretalium de sponsalibus et matrimonio\u003c\/em\u003e, a compact treatment of the fourth book of Gregory IX’s \u003cem\u003eDecretales\u003c\/em\u003e, concerned with betrothal and marriage, by the greatest canonist of the early fourteenth century. The manuscript’s own rubric makes the transition explicit: the fourth book concerns “\u003cem\u003ede sacramento coniugii quod pertinet ad laicos\u003c\/em\u003e,” divided into \u003cem\u003esponsalia\u003c\/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003ematrimonium\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe final text thus changes discipline as well as subject: moral theology gives way to canon law, and the discussion carries the questions of wealth, consumption and household formation developed across the preceding texts into the juridical structures that actually governed engagement and marriage. The text ends on f. 99r with a dated explicit: “\u003cem\u003eExplicit utilissimus tractatellus de sponsalibus et matrimonio. 1466 18 Septemb\u003c\/em\u003e.” A short legal \u003cem\u003eCasus\u003c\/em\u003e, in a distinct third hand, follows on the same folio, evidence that, alongside the contemporary marginal notes, this handsome book was put to practical use as soon as it was made.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRestitution, contract, consumption, dowry and marriage thus appear here as successive stages in a single, coherent government of wealth, an intellectual arc of exceptional range across economic, social and gender history, conceived as one unified book rather than assembled from unrelated sermons.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript was copied at a hinge moment in transmission: its dated section was completed on 18 September 1466, at the very beginning of Italian printing, the first book printed in Italy having appeared only in late 1465, and well before any of its texts achieved stable printed circulation: Johannes Andreae’s text appeared in print only around 1472–74, Antoninus’s \u003cem\u003eTitulus de restitutionibus\u003c\/em\u003e in 1473, Bernardino’s \u003cem\u003eDe contractibus et usuris\u003c\/em\u003e no later than 1474, and Antoninus’s \u003cem\u003eDe ornatu\u003c\/em\u003e only later still, within the printed \u003cem\u003eSumma theologica\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBernardino appears throughout simply as \u003cem\u003efrater Bernardinus de Senis\u003c\/em\u003e, rather than \u003cem\u003ebeatus\u003c\/em\u003e or \u003cem\u003esanctus\u003c\/em\u003e, suggesting the manuscript preserves an early recension close to or within his lifetime. He died in 1444 and was canonised in 1450. The principal Bernardino and Antoninus texts most probably predate the appended 1466 text and can broadly be assigned to the third quarter of the fifteenth century, c. 1450–1475, and so may be within the lifetime of Antoninus of Florence (d. 1459), who is referred to in the present manuscript simply as \u003cem\u003evenerabilis pater frater Antoninus de Florentia, sacri ordinis Praedicatorum\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSimilar dated manuscripts of Bernardino in institutional collections are typically assignable to c. 1440–1460; the present example is probably towards the middle to end of that range. It is among the earliest extant witnesses.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBernardino of Siena and Poland\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBernardino never visited Poland, but his spiritual legacy became deeply embedded there. His disciple Saint John of Capistrano founded the first Polish Bernardine house at Kraków in 1454, and the Observant Franciscan movement it launched grew into one of the largest and most culturally influential religious communities in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, prized for vernacular preaching and popular devotion.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBlessed Władysław of Gielniów, author of some of the earliest surviving Polish religious poetry, was among its most important figures, and Bernardine friars became fixtures of Polish literary memory: Father Robak in Mickiewicz’s \u003cem\u003ePan Tadeusz\u003c\/em\u003e and Father Piotr in \u003cem\u003eDziady\u003c\/em\u003e are among the most celebrated. The Bernardine Sisters, descended from late-medieval Polish communities of Franciscan tertiaries, form the earliest female religious congregation of native Polish origin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAgainst this background the present manuscript’s significance in Poland is considerable. No pre-1500 manuscript of this collection of Bernardino’s treatises is presently recorded in any Polish collection. Several medieval Bernardino codices formerly in the Biblioteka Narodowa, including a manuscript of \u003cem\u003eDe contractibus et usuris\u003c\/em\u003e (Lat.O.ch.II.19) and three further witnesses (Lat.O.ch.I.19; Lat.O.ch.I.29; Lat.Q.ch.I.131), were destroyed during the Second World War.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eToday only two different fifteenth-century Bernardino manuscripts are recorded in Polish collections, both at the University Library in Wrocław (Mss. I F 293 and 1990\/I), and neither approaches the present codex in richness of illumination or overall presentation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis survey draws on Manuscripta.pl, the University of Wrocław Digital Library, the Dolnośląska Biblioteka Cyfrowa, the Biblioteka Narodowa catalogue, POLONA, NUKAT, the Federacja Bibliotek Cyfrowych, the Jagiellonian Digital Library, the Princes Czartoryski Library’s digital catalogues, and the published \u003cem\u003eCodices deperditi\u003c\/em\u003e catalogue of the National Library’s wartime losses; the same 2017–2023 Manuscripta.pl census located only three complete medieval codices anywhere in private Polish ownership.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eContents\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eff. 1r–37v Bernardino of Siena, \u003cem\u003eTractatus de restitutionibus\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eff. 38r–48r Antoninus of Florence, extracts from a \u003cem\u003eTractatus de restitutionibus\u003c\/em\u003e. Rubric: “Inserta de multis recollecta extracta sunt de tractatu quem de restitutionibus edidit … frater Antoninus de Florentia sacri ordinis Predicatorum”; explicit similarly identifies Antoninus\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eff. 48r–92r Bernardino of Siena, \u003cem\u003eTractatus de contractibus et usuris\u003c\/em\u003e. Incipit: “Incipit tractatus de contractibus usurariis editus per venerabilem patrem fratrem Bernardinum de Senis ordinis fratrum Minorum”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eff. 93r–96r Antoninus of Florence, \u003cem\u003eDe ornatu mulierum\u003c\/em\u003e. Incipit: “Queritur primo utrum ornatus mulierum secundum morem patrie qui videtur vanus et superfluus…”; explicit: “Explicit tractatulus pulcher … et utilis de ornatu mulierum. Deo gratias”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eff. 96v–99r Johannes Andreae, \u003cem\u003eSummula super quarto libro Decretalium de sponsalibus et matrimonio\u003c\/em\u003e. Dated explicit: 18 September 1466\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ef. 99r Anonymous, \u003cem\u003eCasus\u003c\/em\u003e, in a third hand, presumably of the first owner\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eff. 99v–102v Original ruled blanks belonging to the \u003cem\u003eCasus\u003c\/em\u003e section.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA near-contemporary contents list within the manuscript preserves the same conception of the book, which, together with the continuous foliation, confirms that the texts were already understood as a single anthology at an early date.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Julia Woodward Antykwariat","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55094025355605,"sku":null,"price":300000.0,"currency_code":"PLN","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1081\/7922\/6965\/files\/DSC00797.jpg?v=1789735736"},{"product_id":"the-oldest-hebrew-bible-manuscript-in-poland-c-975-1100","title":"The Oldest Hebrew Bible Manuscript in Poland, c. 975-1100","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eParshat Terumah\u003c\/em\u003e - Exodus 26:2-6 with \u003cem\u003eTargum Onqelos\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003cbr\u003eManuscript on paper. Likely Babylonia or North Africa.\u003cbr\u003eCirca 975–1100.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAmong the earliest surviving Hebrew Bible manuscripts, with the Targum, in codex form.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSingle leaf fragment. Written in an elegant, bold Oriental square script in a single-column format. Fully vocalised and accented (\u003cem\u003eniqqud\u003c\/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eta'amim\u003c\/em\u003e), without Masorah.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis fragment is an exceptionally early witness to the transmission of the Torah. Several conservative palaeographical markers support a proposed dating of the leaf to around the turn of the first millennium (c. 975–1100 CE).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFirst, the scribe uses letter elongation (dilatation) to achieve left-margin justification, strictly avoiding partial or ‘filler’ letters. This habit strongly favours an origin in North Africa or Babylonia over Egyptian or Palestinian traditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSecond, the scribal orthography, the archaic structure of the \u003cem\u003esof pasuq\u003c\/em\u003e markers and the morphology of particular characters point to a transitional period in Oriental scripts. The lack of a formal Masorah (marginal notes), combined with the highly competent but personal execution, suggests this may have been an owner-produced codex, written by a scholar for private study rather than a community synagogue scroll, perhaps for Terumah in the nineteenth Shabbat after Simchat Torah.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript captures a vital section of Parshat Terumah, detailing the exact dimensions and construction of the Tabernacle's curtains. Crucially, the text alternates seamlessly between the original Hebrew and the classical Aramaic translation, Targum Onqelos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe earliest surviving witnesses to Targum Onqelos occur on two fifth- to seventh-century CE incantation bowls discovered at Nippur, Babylonia. This leaf, however, belongs among the very earliest surviving manuscript witnesses, which date from the tenth and eleventh centuries.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the Hebrew alignment with the standard Masoretic text is precise, the Aramaic portions do yield a compelling textual variant when compared against the standard Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon (CAL) text:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExodus 26:2 (recto): variant vocalisation\/spelling of אָכְרָא (\u003cem\u003eorka\u003c\/em\u003e) for “the length of,” contrasting with the more common אָורכּא (\u003cem\u003eurka\u003c\/em\u003e).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExodus 26:4–6 (verso): displays distinct orthographic variations in prefixing, notably utilising די in place of the standard ד.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike the vast majority of surviving medieval Hebrew paper fragments, this leaf most likely does not originate from the Cairo Genizah. Physical evidence shows that the leaf was secondarily trimmed with aggressive disregard for the margins. This cropping is the classic signature of reuse as binder’s waste.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFollowing the expulsion or migration of Jewish communities, this codex was plausibly scavenged by a late-medieval bookbinder, cut down, and pasted inside the spine or boards to reinforce another book. This mode of preservation suggests a provenance quite separate from the Near Eastern Genizah discoveries.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe leaf may instead have been recovered and reused by a late-medieval bookbinder in the Mediterranean basin or Southern Europe, a scenario consistent with the westward migration of Jewish communities.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBeyond its scholarly biblical value, this leaf represents one of the earliest surviving uses of paper for writing outside of East Asia and the Islamic world. The technology of papermaking, captured by the Abbasid Caliphate from China in the late eighth century, completely transformed the Islamic world. By the late tenth century, it allowed for the rapid dissemination of Jewish scholarship across the Mediterranean.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis fragment stands as a tangible survivor of that technological and spiritual leap, an artefact bridging the Geonic era and the golden age of Mediterranean Jewish scholarship, just before Maimonides.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Julia Woodward Antykwariat","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55094048162133,"sku":null,"price":20000.0,"currency_code":"PLN","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1081\/7922\/6965\/files\/DSC008262_0b5b2886-c9d3-49ce-8273-8730ef2a32d3.jpg?v=1790194494"},{"product_id":"du-pin-s-ecclesiastical-history-and-early-church-fathers-1688-1701","title":"Du Pin’s Ecclesiastical History and Early Church Fathers, 1688-1701","description":"\u003cp\u003eDu Pin, Louis Ellies (1657-1719)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003eNouvelle Bibliotheque Des Auteurs Ecclesiastiques; Dissertation Preliminaire ou Prolegomenes Sur la Bible; Remarques sur la Bibliotheque des Auteurs Ecclesiastiques\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003eParis: Andre Pralard, 1688-1691; 1701; Paris: Daniel Hortemels, 1691\u003cbr\u003eOctavo; Large Quarto\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn attractive early edition of Du Pin’s work on the Church Fathers, scarce complete; it discusses the lives, works, doctrines, and editions of the principal Christian ecclesiastical writers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is complete with all five parts bound into seven volumes with an engraved frontispiece in the first volume, plus the often wanting two-part quarto supplement which was separately issued in a larger format a decade later, here present with both parts contemporaneously bound into one with the handsome engraved frontispiece. This set additionally includes a volume of the Remarques, written by an unnamed other author, similarly bound.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Julia Woodward Antykwariat","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55103661801813,"sku":"6NBWP","price":2500.0,"currency_code":"PLN","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1081\/7922\/6965\/files\/P10110512_40e52db1-ca19-4924-a125-a8342489d2e6.jpg?v=1790276508"},{"product_id":"horace-opera-1561","title":"Horace Opera: A Typographical Masterpiece, 1561","description":"\u003cp\u003eHoratius, Quintus Flaccus (65-8 BC).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003eOpera. Satyrarum libri duo; Epistolarum libri duo\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003cbr\u003eLugduni: Joann Tornaesium, 1561.\u003cbr\u003eQuarto.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe first edition of this important early critical edition of Horace’s works which marks “a new era” of typography (Dibdin). Printed by Tournes during the mature phase of his career, this edition uses different typefaces with varying sizes and fonts including an elegant Greek type.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAstrid Quillien in her doctoral thesis remarked on this edition as being the first scholarly commentary on Horace’s works published in France and further commented that “[it] testifies to Denis Lambin’s philological expertise. Lambin, who became a royal reader after the initial publication of his work, demonstrates his perfect mastery of Latin and Greek languages and authors, as well as his personal approach to the poet, informed by his erudite reading.”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBound in a seventeenth-century Cambridge panelled binding, both volumes of Horace’s work are preserved in their entirety. Rare. The USTC records no copies held in Polish institutions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Julia Woodward Antykwariat","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55103661900117,"sku":"9HFWB","price":2400.0,"currency_code":"PLN","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1081\/7922\/6965\/files\/Removebackgroundproject-14August2026at15.08.19_4507b36b-8129-4579-872f-08fdab89a3a8.png?v=1790676152"},{"product_id":"new-testament-of-mons","title":"The Elzevir New Testament of Mons, 1668","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLe Nouveau Testament\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMons: Gaspard Migeot [i.e. Elzevir], 1668\u003cbr\u003eQuarto\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA handsome copy of the celebrated Jansenist New Testament, sumptuously bound in two volumes and elegantly ruled in red throughout, with generous margins and finely printed Roman type.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKnown as the New Testament of Mons, this influential Port-Royal translation enjoyed immediate success and was repeatedly reprinted; the present sixth edition appeared only a year after the first. Its circulation was nevertheless fiercely controversial, and Pope Clement IX threatened excommunication against those who read, printed, sold or possessed the translation. The imprint of “Gaspard Migeot” is probably fictitious, and the edition is generally attributed to the Elzevir press.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Julia Woodward Antykwariat","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55103662031189,"sku":"7NTWB","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"PLN","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1081\/7922\/6965\/files\/DSC0082622_b299de38-0120-4bbd-8226-090f42a93b12.jpg?v=1790675205"},{"product_id":"the-imitation-of-christ-by-thomas-kempis-miniature-edition-1752","title":"The Imitation of Christ by Thomas Kempis, Miniature Edition, 1752","description":"\u003cp\u003eKempis, Thomas (1380-1471).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003eDe Imitatione Christi Libri Quatuor\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003cbr\u003eAvenione: Typis Alexandri Giroud, 1752.\u003cbr\u003e48mo.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA miniature pocket edition of Thomas Kempis' influential devotional work, printed at Avignon while the city still formed part of the Papal States, nearly four decades before its annexation by Revolutionary France in 1791.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEmerging from the Devotio Moderna movement of the late fourteenth century, the Imitation of Christ encouraged a more personal form of Christian devotion, emphasising humility, interior prayer, and the imitation of Christ's life. From the fifteenth century onwards it became one of the most widely read works of Christian spirituality in Europe. The miniature format reflects its intended purpose as a portable devotional companion, allowing the reader to carry the work and consult it throughout the day.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Julia Woodward Antykwariat","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55137171145045,"sku":null,"price":250.0,"currency_code":"PLN","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1081\/7922\/6965\/files\/DSC008262_646721dc-0fec-45f7-8e26-988ce21e7ba7.jpg?v=1790676769"},{"product_id":"terences-comedies-1659","title":"An Early Manuscript Witness to the Contemporary Reception of Molière: Terence's Comedies, 1659","description":"\u003ch2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAn early manuscript witness to the contemporary reception of Molière\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTerence, Publius (c. 195\/185-159 BC).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003eComoediae Sex\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003cbr\u003eLutetiae Parisiorum: Petrum Lamy, 1659.\u003cbr\u003eOctavo.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn a contemporary hand, the printed \u003cem\u003edramatis personae\u003c\/em\u003e of Terence’s \u003cem\u003eEunuchus\u003c\/em\u003e are accompanied by a near-complete manuscript cast, assigning a French name to almost every character. No recorded production of \u003cem\u003eEunuchus \u003c\/em\u003ecorresponding to this cast has yet been identified. The annotations therefore most probably preserve the cast of an otherwise unknown private, collegiate, provincial or travelling performance, or a contemporary theatrical adaptation in which Terence’s ancient characters were recast through the language of the seventeenth-century French stage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript cast is especially remarkable because early manuscript evidence for the reception of Molière is extraordinarily rare. No autograph manuscript of any of his plays is known to survive, and very little manuscript material remains from the theatrical world in which they were first performed.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe names entered here form a striking Molièrean group. Léandre, Valère, Jacqueline and Perrin all appear together in \u003cem\u003eLe Médecin malgré lui\u003c\/em\u003e, first performed in 1666. La Flèche is the valet in\u003cem\u003e L’Avar\u003c\/em\u003ee of 1668, while Silvestre is the servant in \u003cem\u003eLes Fourberies de Scapin\u003c\/em\u003e of 1671.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMore importantly, the names are not assigned at random. In several cases the Terentian character is replaced by a Molière character of the same dramatic type. A young lover is recast as a Molière young lover; a servant is given the name of a Molière servant; and a female domestic character receives the name of a corresponding female domestic figure from Molière. The annotator therefore appears to have understood and deliberately matched the dramatic functions of the characters. The combination of repeated Molière names and repeated agreement in character type makes coincidence effectively improbable.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe annotations also include Mondor, a celebrated name from the older French comic theatre associated with Tabarin. The manuscript thus appears to place Terence directly within the living tradition of seventeenth-century French comedy, combining Molière’s characters with names inherited from the popular stage that preceded him.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript cast list may date from the 1670s and therefore preserve exceptionally early manuscript evidence for the immediate influence of Molière’s theatre, quite possibly from Molière’s own lifetime. That would make it one of the earliest surviving witnesses to the theatrical reception of Molière. The volume appears to record an otherwise unknown performance or theatrical adaptation of Terence in which the classical comedy was consciously recast through the characters and comic types of contemporary French theatre, including Molière. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Julia Woodward Antykwariat","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55137243136341,"sku":null,"price":25000.0,"currency_code":"PLN","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1081\/7922\/6965\/files\/DSC0082623_ca7143d7-a7bf-4ac7-9085-61350ecfb5ed.jpg?v=1790682892"}],"url":"https:\/\/antykwariat-woodward.com\/collections\/newest-products.oembed?page=2","provider":"Julia Woodward Antykwariat","version":"1.0","type":"link"}