{"title":"Teologia i religia","description":null,"products":[{"product_id":"thomas-aquinas-summa-theologica-1496","title":"Thomas Aquinas Summa Theologica 1496 Incunable","description":"\u003cheader class=\"bibliographical-description\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAquinas, Thomas (c. 1225-1274)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003ePrima [et secunda] secundae partis Summa Theologiae\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e[Nuremberg: Anton Koberger, 1496]\u003cbr\u003eFolio.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/header\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"book-description\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA handsome copy of the complete\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eSecunda Pars\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eof Saint Thomas Aquinas’ monumental\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eSumma Theologiae\u003c\/em\u003e, comprising both the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003ePrima Secundae\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eSecunda Secundae\u003c\/em\u003e, fully rubricated and preserved complete in contemporary bindings. The volumes are further distinguished by the survival of extensive unidentified medieval and early printed binder’s waste, including manuscript fragments in German, Hebrew, and Latin from several late medieval parent manuscripts, together with an early printed leaf employed as pastedowns that appear to derive from the 1476 Milan edition of Paulus Venetus’\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eExpositio librorum naturalium Aristotelis\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(ISTC ip00211000), a somewhat unexpected survival in an evidently German binding which suggests the early circulation of Italian scholastic books within the German book trade. The Hebrew manuscript waste may speak to the recycling, and often, the targeted destruction or confiscation, of Jewish libraries in late medieval Southern Germany.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eISTC records 187 extant institutional holdings. However, complete survivals of the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eSecunda Pars\u003c\/em\u003e, preserving both the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003ePrima Secundae\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eSecunda Secundae\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003etogether in contemporary bindings, are considerably less common than the overall census of institutional holdings might suggest, many recorded copies consisting of only one of the two constituent parts. Polish collections record 14 examples held, at least 3 of which include the complete\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eSecunda Pars\u003c\/em\u003e. The copy at the Biblioteka Jagiellońska is similar to the present example in consisting of just the complete\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eSecunda Pars\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(per GW copy census records). Owing to its immense size, the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eSumma\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecirculated primarily in individual parts, allowing students, clergy, and scholars to acquire and consult those sections most relevant to their needs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe present copy contains the entirety of the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eSecunda Pars\u003c\/em\u003e, generally regarded as the heart of Aquinas’ moral theology. The\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003ePrima Secundae\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eaddresses the ultimate end of human life, happiness, virtue, vice, law, and grace, and includes Aquinas’ celebrated treatment of natural law, one of the most influential texts in the history of Western ethical and political thought. The\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eSecunda Secundae\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eprovides a systematic examination of the individual virtues and vices, including faith, hope, charity, prudence, justice, fortitude, and temperance, and became one of the most frequently consulted sections of the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eSumma\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eamong medieval and early modern theologians, confessors, and preachers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrinted by Anton Koberger, the most important printer and publisher in fifteenth-century Germany, this edition belongs to the mature period of one of Europe's largest and most influential printing enterprises. Koberger’s editions of scholastic and theological texts played a central role in the dissemination of late medieval learning throughout the Holy Roman Empire and beyond.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55036639281493,"sku":"27TAWP","price":25000.0,"currency_code":"PLN","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1081\/7922\/6965\/files\/DSC00826_23.jpg?v=1790108403"},{"product_id":"a-polish-illuminated-choirbook-leaf-by-blazej-derey-poznan-1632","title":"A Polish Illuminated Choirbook Leaf by Błażej Derey, Poznań, 1632","description":"\u003cp\u003eDerey, Błażej OP (c.1587–1666).\u003cbr\u003eIlluminated \u003cem\u003eKyriale\u003c\/em\u003e, single leaf on vellum.\u003cbr\u003ePoznań, Dominican convent, 1632.\u003cbr\u003eLarge folio.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA monumental survival from an extraordinary Polish Dominican \u003cem\u003eKyriale \u003c\/em\u003eof 1632, here attributed to Błażej Derey, probably the most distinctive manuscript artist of seventeenth-century Poland. The parent manuscript has previously been recognised as a \u003cem\u003eKyriale \u003c\/em\u003emade for the Dominican convent at Poznań in 1632 (cf. Bloomsbury Auctions, London, 6 July 2022, lot 59), but the now-dispersed manuscript has apparently never previously been recognised as a work of Derey.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe attribution proposed here rests upon a close conjunction of date, Dominican provenance and, above all, decorative vocabulary and has been independently supported by an expert.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDerey’s surviving manuscripts have received considerable scholarly attention. Zbigniew Mikołejko characterises his work by its subdued or “broken” palette, particularly yellows; gilded and silvered grounds; a repertoire of zoomorphic ornament which specifically includes dolphins; and, most characteristically, elaborate one-, two-, three- and four-strand interlace. All are strongly represented in the present leaf.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParticularly close comparison may be made with Derey’s Dominican liturgical manuscripts preserved in Kraków, where closely related knotwork, colouring, ornamental lettering and zoomorphic forms recur.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe chronology is equally compelling. Derey was producing major Dominican choirbooks during precisely this period: the surviving corpus includes the \u003cem\u003eSupplementum\u003c\/em\u003e of 1630 (MS 12 L), \u003cem\u003eGraduale de tempore\u003c\/em\u003e of 1632 (MS 9 L), \u003cem\u003eGraduale de sanctis\u003c\/em\u003e of 1633 (MS 11 L), and \u003cem\u003eGraduale de tempore\u003c\/em\u003e of 1635 (MS 10 L). Those manuscripts are themselves substantial folios, generally approximately 26–28 × 38–40 cm. At 41 × 60 cm, however, the present Poznań Kyriale was conceived on an altogether more monumental scale and would appear to be the largest manuscript presently attributable to Derey by a considerable margin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIts historical setting is equally exceptional. The \u003cem\u003eKyriale \u003c\/em\u003ewas produced for the Poznań Dominicans apparently under the direction of their prior, Jacek (Hyacinth) Choryński, whose name reportedly appeared on its original frontispiece together with that of the Polish Dominican Provincial, Jerzy Trebnic.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe year 1632 marked the culmination of an important programme of artistic and devotional patronage at the Poznań convent. Under Choryński the house commissioned Tomasso Dolabella’s monumental Battle of Lepanto, now at Wawel Castle, for the Rosary Chapel. Its principal financial patron was Stanisław Przyjemski, Grand Marshal of the Crown. Aleksander Stankiewicz has argued that, while Przyjemski probably supplied the money, the learned Choryński may himself have devised the painting’s intellectual and iconographic programme; he even proposes that the Dominican friar depicted holding a book and candle may represent Choryński.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe appearance of Choryński’s name on the \u003cem\u003eKyriale’s \u003c\/em\u003efrontispiece therefore has particular significance. Created for the same convent, in the same year, and on a similarly exceptional scale, the manuscript may plausibly have formed part of the wider programme of liturgical and artistic renewal over which he presided. It is even possible that Przyjemski, whose patronage financed the Dolabella commission, contributed towards the costly production of the Gradual, although no documentary evidence for his involvement has yet been identified.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeveral leaves from the parent codex are known. Its surviving frontispiece reportedly carried a lengthy Latin inscription dating the manuscript, identifying its chant as following the Dominican edition of Seraphinus Siccus of 1620, naming Trebnic and Choryński, and recording the Poznań convent as its destination.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe parent manuscript had already been dispersed by 1966; leaves passed through the dealer Bruce Ferrini in the 1990s, while another leaf formerly in the collection of Cornelius J. Hauck, significantly trimmed, dated a century too early, and with a German catalogue entry pasted to the verso, was sold at Christie’s New York in 2006, then realising 2,280 USD.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA spectacular fragment of an apparently lost monumental choirbook from one of the great periods of artistic patronage at the Poznań Dominican convent, and, on the evidence presented here, an important addition to the known oeuvre of Błażej Derey.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e","brand":"Julia Woodward Antykwariat","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55081938551125,"sku":null,"price":15000.0,"currency_code":"PLN","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1081\/7922\/6965\/files\/DSC0082623_1.jpg?v=1790109816"},{"product_id":"a-rare-complete-set-of-andreas-brunners-history-of-bavaria-1626-1637","title":"A Rare Complete Set of Andreas Brunner's History of Bavaria, 1626-1637","description":"\u003cp\u003eBrunner, Andreas (1589–1650).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003eAnnalium virtutis et fortunae Boiorum\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003cbr\u003eMünchen: Truckerey Hertsroy, 1626–1637.\u003cbr\u003eOctavo.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFirst edition of Andreas Brunner's principal historical work, commissioned by Elector Maximilian I of Bavaria. Published in three parts between 1626 and 1637, the work traces Bavarian history from its legendary origins to the reign of Emperor Louis IV (\"Louis the Bavarian\"), ending in the early fourteenth century.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCompiled during the Counter-Reformation and the Thirty Years' War, the annals combine extensive genealogical research on the House of Wittelsbach with a distinctly Catholic interpretation of Bavarian history, presenting the fortunes of Bavaria as evidence of divine favour and princely virtue.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePraised for its scholarly diligence, critical judgement, and unusual striving for objectivity (NDB II, 681), the work is regarded as Brunner's masterpiece and remains an important source for early Bavarian historiography.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eComplete sets are of considerable rarity. While the USTC records 33 surviving copies of Part I, 12 of Part II, and 14 of Part III, only 10 complete sets are recorded. Of these, nine are preserved in German institutions and one in the United States.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo copies of either the individual volumes or the complete work are recorded in Poland\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Julia Woodward Antykwariat","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55082195845461,"sku":null,"price":3000.0,"currency_code":"PLN","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1081\/7922\/6965\/files\/DSC0082624.jpg?v=1790110379"},{"product_id":"biblia-sacra-1541","title":"A 1541 Catholic Bible with Protestant Marginalia","description":"\u003cp\u003ePagnino, Santes (1470–1541).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003eBiblia Sacra\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003cbr\u003eCologne: Melchior Novesianus, 1541.\u003cbr\u003eFolio.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis influential edition of the Bible contains the textual recension of Santes Pagnino, the Dominican friar and Hebraist who was “the first to divide the biblical text into numbered verses” (Museum of the Bible).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHis version had an important influence on later vernacular translations of the Bible, including the early English versions, but especially the 1563 \u003cem\u003eBiblia Brzeska\u003c\/em\u003e and the earliest Polish Bibles, which Rajmund Pietkiewicz’s research suggests repeatedly follow Pagnino’s recension. This version is therefore one of the principal intermediary texts behind the first Protestant Bible in Polish.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eModern scholarship on Jan Kochanowski has also identified the dependence of the \u003cem\u003ePsałterz Dawidów\u003c\/em\u003e on Pagnino. The present book can therefore also be considered a textual precursor to one of the greatest works of Renaissance Polish literature. The textual dependence continued through to the 1632 Biblia Gdańska and beyond.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis copy bears several early manuscript annotations of a Protestant nature, including references to s\u003cem\u003eola Scriptura\u003c\/em\u003e, making it an early witness to the Protestant Reformation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBound in near-contemporary vellum, preserving substantial fragments of a late medieval manuscript on vellum reused as binder's waste, it is a handsome copy of this scarce edition, which is represented by only a single copy in Poland (Biblioteka Ossolineum) via the USTC.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Julia Woodward Antykwariat","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55082263249237,"sku":null,"price":3500.0,"currency_code":"PLN","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1081\/7922\/6965\/files\/DSC0082626_46f38897-e491-4ef9-9ae2-77bfd9685b9f.jpg?v=1790111928"},{"product_id":"greek-new-testament-1534","title":"Between Erasmus and Estienne: The Important Greek New Testament of 1534","description":"\u003cp\u003e[Greek New Testament] \u003cem\u003eἩ Καινὴ Διαθήκη; Hē Kainḕ Diathḗkē\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003cbr\u003eParis: Simon de Colines, December 1534.\u003cbr\u003eOctavo.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIssued twelve years before Estienne’s first Greek New Testament (1546), this edition represents an important transitional stage between Erasmus and the mature critical tradition of the later sixteenth century. It was the first Greek New Testament printed in France and has been described by Darlow and Moule as “the earliest attempt at a critical text” of the Greek New Testament.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe text was principally based on Erasmus' influential third edition of 1522, which would later form a major component of the so-called \u003cem\u003eTextus Receptus\u003c\/em\u003e tradition. It also incorporates variants from the Complutensian Polyglot, together with fifty-two otherwise unattested readings apparently derived from manuscript sources. Many of these unique readings are deemed significant, including the omission of the \u003cem\u003eComma Johanneum\u003c\/em\u003e, a feature not retained in most subsequent printed Greek New Testaments for nearly two centuries.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis edition is one of the greatest productions of Simon de Colines, one of the most prolific Parisian printers of the sixteenth century, responsible for some seven hundred editions. It is set in his second Greek typeface. It was covertly produced with Antoine Augereau, a Protestant typefounder who was executed for heresy immediately following the completion of this book on Christmas Eve 1534.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe final few quires of this edition (II-KK) contain lives of the evangelists and prologues in Greek.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExtremely rare in both institutions and commerce. The USTC locates no copies in British, German, Polish, or Italian libraries, while only four further copies appear to have reached the market during the past two decades (Sotheby's, 2016; Swann Galleries, 2018; Forum Auctions, 2021; Rare Tome).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Julia Woodward Antykwariat","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55082314662229,"sku":null,"price":15000.0,"currency_code":"PLN","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1081\/7922\/6965\/files\/DSC008262_e61271a9-92ed-43a5-ae5c-ae675a63a0d3.jpg?v=1790112431"},{"product_id":"martin-luther-criticises-the-pope-first-edition-1522","title":"Martin Luther at Wartburg: A Rare 1522 Tract on Confession and Papal Authority","description":"\u003cp\u003eLuther, Martin (1483–1546).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003eVon der Beycht ob die der Bapst macht hab zu gebieten\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003cbr\u003eWittenberg (i.e. Strasbourg): Wolfgang Köpfel, 1521 (i.e. 1522).\u003cbr\u003eQuarto.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFirst edition of this very rare early polemical tract by Martin Luther.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the formative years of the Protestant Reformation, the printing of Luther’s works could be both commercially attractive and politically hazardous. The present tract reflects that context: a polemical work challenging papal authority and certain practices of the early modern Roman Catholic Church. It was written during Luther’s seclusion at the Wartburg following his condemnation at the Diet of Worms. It examines confession and the extent of papal authority over the Christian conscience.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrinted books of this kind played an important role in the dissemination of Reformation thought. Relatively inexpensive to produce and distribute when compared to manuscripts and larger printed works, they allowed theological and polemical writings to circulate rapidly throughout Europe. Consequently, comparatively few survive.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe present edition bears a false Wittenberg imprint; it was actually printed in Strasbourg by Wolfgang Köpfel. Such imprints reflect the authority attached to Wittenberg as the centre most closely associated with Luther and the early Protestant movement, while also giving printers a degree of distance from the controversies surrounding the publication of Reformation texts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe USTC records only one copy in Poland and just thirteen worldwide.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Julia Woodward Antykwariat","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55082385146197,"sku":null,"price":9950.0,"currency_code":"PLN","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1081\/7922\/6965\/files\/DSC0082623_95990ab1-6d53-46d1-ad57-ba221cb4188a.jpg?v=1790113237"},{"product_id":"ignatius-of-antioch-polycarp-basel-1520","title":"The Apostolic Fathers in Print: Ignatius of Antioch \u0026 Polycarp, Basel 1520","description":"\u003cp\u003eIgnatius of Antioch; Pseudo-Ignatius; Polycarp.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003eGloriosi Christi Martyris Ignatii Antiocheni antistitis, Epistolae undecim.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003eItem una beati Polycarpi martyris epistola, cum argumento Iacobi Fabri\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003eStapulen[sis] in easdem\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003cbr\u003eBasel: Adam Petri, August 1520.\u003cbr\u003eQuarto.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA handsome Basel edition of the epistles attributed to Saint Ignatius of Antioch, together with the Epistle of Polycarp, edited and introduced by the French humanist and biblical scholar Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples. The volume belongs to the early sixteenth-century revival of interest in the Apostolic Fathers and represents one of the earliest printed collections through which Western scholars gained access to the writings attributed to Ignatius and Polycarp.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs was customary before the textual criticism of the seventeenth century, the collection includes the expanded corpus of eleven Ignatian epistles, four of which are now regarded as later pseudepigraphic compositions. Printed at Basel by the noted humanist printer Adam Petri, the edition reflects the Renaissance effort to recover and disseminate the literature of the primitive Church, furnishing theologians of both the Catholic and emerging Protestant traditions with important patristic texts. For much of the sixteenth century it served as an influential witness to the so-called Longer Recension of the Ignatian corpus, before being superseded by later critical editions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe title page is enclosed within an attractive woodcut border designed by Ambrosius Holbein, one of the most accomplished book artists active in Basel during the early decades of the sixteenth century.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe USTC records 26 extant copies held institutionally, including only one copy held in Poland (Ossolineum) and none in the United States.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Julia Woodward Antykwariat","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55082424664405,"sku":null,"price":3500.0,"currency_code":"PLN","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1081\/7922\/6965\/files\/DSC0082623_47d6fc16-764b-4504-a3af-c1efa2a2b137.jpg?v=1790113712"},{"product_id":"a-renaissance-bible-owned-by-a-priest-who-saved-jews-during-the-holocaust","title":"A Renaissance Bible owned by a priest who saved Jews during the Holocaust","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBiblia Latina\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003cbr\u003eLyon: Jacques Sacon, 10 November 1506.\u003cbr\u003eFolio.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe rare first Bible printed by Jacques Sacon, very extensively annotated throughout in contemporary hands, rubricated, and with remarkable later provenance to Martin Jan Vochoč, the Czech priest celebrated for helping some 1,500 Jews escape Nazi persecution.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis was the first Bible issued from the press of Jacques Sacon, probably for the Lyon bookseller Barthélemy Trot, inaugurating the important series of Latin Bibles for which Sacon became particularly celebrated and preceding by six years the first of his editions printed for Anton Koberger.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe edition has an unusually distinctive bibliographical character. In the colophon Sacon describes the book as Impressum est characteribus venetis per Iacobum Sacon, while the original title-page device closely imitated that employed by the Venetian Giunta press. The combination appears deliberately conceived to evoke the appearance and commercial prestige of Venetian, and specifically Giunta, production. The connection is particularly striking in retrospect: Giunta’s illustrated Latin Bible of 1511 subsequently furnished the principal model for the first Sacon-Koberger Bible of 1512.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe edition also belongs to an important transitional phase in the history of the printed Vulgate text, between the inherited textual traditions of the fifteenth century and the increasingly corrected and critically examined Latin Bibles of the sixteenth century. Sacon followed the Bible printed by Thielman Kerver for Jean Petit in 1504, itself a substantially corrected text associated with the editorial work of Adrianus Gummelli. The 1506 Bible thus stands at the intersection of two developments that would increasingly define biblical publishing in the new century: a more sophisticated international market for printed Scripture and a more interventionist approach to the received Latin text.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe present copy is distinguished by extensive contemporary annotation throughout virtually the entire text. Seemingly several unidentified early readers have supplied a continuous series of marginal notes, not merely occasional glosses but sustained evidence of close engagement with Scripture from beginning to end. The density and continuity of the marginalia make this an unusually substantial witness to the practical reading and study of the Bible in the first years of the sixteenth century, on the eve of the theological upheavals of the Reformation that would transform Western Christianity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIts later provenance is no less remarkable.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn 6 December 1929 the Bible was acquired by the nineteen-year-old Martin Jan Vochoč (1910–1967) and entered as no. 2320 in his personal library. Vochoč, an archivist, historian and Old Catholic priest, would later become known as the “Czech Oskar Schindler” for his role in producing fictitious baptismal certificates for Jews attempting to escape Nazi persecution. Vochoč studied theology and archival science, worked for a time as historiographer to the Knights of Malta, and was ordained an Old Catholic priest in 1936.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuring the Nazi occupation of Czechoslovakia he collaborated with the Prague lawyer Rudolf Štursa in issuing false baptismal certificates to Jews seeking to emigrate. Later research records approximately 1,500 such documents. Although that figure cannot be equated directly with an identical number of lives saved, the surviving evidence establishes that the operation enabled numerous Jews to avoid deportation to concentration camps and probable death.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHis activities attracted the attention of the Gestapo. In 1941 an order was issued to search his premises and arrest him in connection with the falsification of Jewish baptismal certificates, though he was initially released for lack of evidence. He was subsequently sent, on instructions from the Reich Main Security Office (RSHA), to forced labour in Germany. At Coburg in Bavaria he worked as a clerk and contracted tuberculosis. His illness led to his release in 1944 and return to Prague, where he nevertheless remained under Gestapo surveillance and was forbidden to exercise his priestly ministry.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe precisely dated acquisition of the present Bible lends this provenance particular force. Vochoč did not acquire it retrospectively as an established priest or historian, but as a nineteen-year-old student, seven years before his ordination and almost a decade before the actions for which he would later become known. The volume consequently survives both as an intensively studied Renaissance Bible and as a tangible object from the intellectual formation of a man whose later courage placed him within one of the defining moral crises of twentieth-century Europe.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRare\u003c\/strong\u003e. Just twelve institutional copies are presently recorded across the two USTC records for the edition, with none recorded in Poland or the United States.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Julia Woodward Antykwariat","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55082477289813,"sku":null,"price":19500.0,"currency_code":"PLN","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1081\/7922\/6965\/files\/DSC0082626_d7fab68e-3314-456d-b70e-3191d70baa88.jpg?v=1790114108"},{"product_id":"gregory-the-great-s-moralia-in-job-1498","title":"Gregory the Great’s Moralia in Job, 1498: A Late Incunable with an Ave Maria Binding","description":"\u003cp\u003e[Gregory the Great] Sanctus Gregorius Magnus (c. 540–604).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003eMoralia, sive expositio in Job\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003cbr\u003eBrescia: Angelus Britannicus, 2 June 1498.\u003cbr\u003eQuarto.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA handsome late medieval copy of Gregory’s \u003cem\u003eMoralia\u003c\/em\u003e, from the final incunable edition, with notable early female provenance. The binding is repaired but preserves a particularly handsome contemporary front board decorated with an intricate \u003cem\u003eAve Maria\u003c\/em\u003e border. Gregory the Great’s \u003cem\u003eMoralia in Job\u003c\/em\u003e, composed in the late sixth century, is one of the most influential works of medieval Christian theology: a vast commentary on the Book of Job in which Gregory moves beyond literal exposition to interpret the text morally, allegorically and spiritually, exploring virtue, sin, suffering, pastoral responsibility, and the progress of the soul toward God. The work became a foundational text of medieval monastic and theological culture and circulated widely throughout the Middle Ages.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Julia Woodward Antykwariat","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55082534142293,"sku":null,"price":12750.0,"currency_code":"PLN","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1081\/7922\/6965\/files\/DSC0082623_4f723ed3-619b-4e75-940d-0cfff4e49f5d.jpg?v=1790114366"}],"url":"https:\/\/antykwariat-woodward.com\/pl\/collections\/teologia-i-religia.oembed","provider":"Julia Woodward Antykwariat","version":"1.0","type":"link"}